MODERN ASPECTS OF FISCAL AND CUSTOMS REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Abstract

The article examines the modern aspects of fiscal and customs regulation of foreign economic activity under conditions of economic transformation, growing external risks, complicated logistics, and increasing requirements for the adaptability of public policy. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that an effective combination of fiscal and customs instruments directly affects the conditions of export and import operations, the volume of budget revenues, the stability of business entities, the state of foreign trade security, and the ability of the national economy to respond to current challenges. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of fiscal and customs regulation of foreign economic activity, identify the key problems of its functioning in modern conditions, and determine priority directions for its improvement. The methodological basis of the research includes the methods of theoretical generalisation, analysis and synthesis, comparison, systemic approach, and logical modelling, which made it possible to comprehensively reveal the content, functions, and significance of fiscal and customs regulation within the system of state influence on foreign economic processes. The study proves that fiscal and customs regulation should be interpreted as an integrated system that combines customs-tariff, tax, control, organisational, and digital instruments of influence on foreign economic activity. It is substantiated that in current conditions its role goes beyond the traditional collection of customs payments and includes ensuring economic security, supporting foreign trade resilience, protecting the domestic market, maintaining budget balance, and creating predictable conditions for business activity. The article identifies the most significant problems in this field, namely the instability of the regulatory environment, fragmentation of management decisions, the difficulty of achieving a balance between the fiscal interests of the state and the needs of foreign economic entities, the incompleteness of the digital transformation of customs procedures, the insufficient effectiveness of post-clearance control, and the impact of wartime and logistics constraints on the efficiency of foreign economic activity. The practical value of the article lies in the possibility of applying the proposed provisions to improve state policy in the field of fiscal and customs regulation, develop risk-oriented control, increase the effectiveness of customs payments administration, and build a more adaptive model of interaction between the state and participants in foreign economic activity.